Strings

String Methods

Strings have built-in methods accessible via dot notation. No imports required.

Case Methods

Method	Description
.upper()	Convert to uppercase
.lower()	Convert to lowercase
.title()	Convert to title case
.capitalize()	Capitalize first character
.swapcase()	Swap case of all characters

Search Methods

Method	Description
.find(substring)	Find index of substring (-1 if not found)
.includes(substring)	Check if string contains substring
.startswith(prefix)	Check if string starts with prefix
.endswith(suffix)	Check if string ends with suffix
.count(substring)	Count occurrences of substring

Transform Methods

Method	Description
.replace(old, new)	Replace occurrences of old with new
.split(separator)	Split string into array
.join(array)	Join array elements with this string as separator
.strip(chars="")	Remove leading/trailing whitespace (or specified chars)
.lstrip(chars="")	Remove leading whitespace (or specified chars)
.rstrip(chars="")	Remove trailing whitespace (or specified chars)
.reverse()	Return reversed string
.repeat(n)	Repeat string n times
.center(width, char)	Center string in given width
.zfill(width)	Pad with zeros on the left

Validation Methods

Method	Description
.is_digit()	Check if all characters are digits
.is_alpha()	Check if all characters are alphabetic
.is_alnum()	Check if all characters are alphanumeric
.is_space()	Check if all characters are whitespace
.is_upper()	Check if all characters are uppercase
.is_lower()	Check if all characters are lowercase
.is_empty()	Check if string is empty

Access Methods

Method	Description
.length()	Get string length
.get(index)	Get character at index
.slice(start, end)	Get substring from start to end

Conversion Methods

Method	Description
.to_string()	Return the string (identity)
.to_int()	Convert to integer
.to_float()	Convert to float

var s = "Hello, World!"

# Case methods
print(s.upper())            # "HELLO, WORLD!"
print(s.lower())            # "hello, world!"
print(s.title())            # "Hello, World!"

# Search methods
print(s.find("World"))      # 7
print(s.find("xyz"))        # -1
print(s.includes("Hello"))  # true
print(s.startswith("Hello")) # true
print(s.endswith("!"))      # true

# Access methods
print(s.length())           # 13
print(s.get(0))             # "H"
print(s.slice(0, 5))        # "Hello"

# Transform methods
print(s.replace("World", "Radon"))  # "Hello, Radon!"
print(s.split(", "))        # ["Hello", "World!"]
print("-".join(["a", "b"])) # "a-b"

# Validation
print("123".is_digit())     # true
print("abc".is_alpha())     # true
print("  ".is_space())      # true

String slicing

Strings support the same [start:end:step] slice syntax as arrays.

const s = "Hello, World!"

print(s[0:5])   # Hello
print(s[7:])    # World!
print(s[::-1])  # !dlroW ,olleH

String operators

• + (concatenation)
• * (repetition)

const str = "Hello, World!"

print(str + " " + "Hello, World!") # Hello, World! Hello, World!
print(str * 2) # Hello, World!Hello, World!

String type casting

• str(value) - converts any value to a string (built-in function)
• String(value) - wraps value in String class with methods

# Using str() function
print(str(123))         # "123"
print(str(123.456))     # "123.456"
print(str(true))        # "true"

# Using String class
var s = String(123)
print(s.length())       # 3

# Literal strings also have methods
print("hello".upper())  # "HELLO"

String type checking

• is_str(value) - returns true if the value is a string, otherwise false

print(is_str("Hello, World!")) # true
print(is_str(123)) # false
print(is_str(123.456)) # false
print(is_str(true)) # false
print(is_str(false)) # false

String standard library (Legacy)

Built-in Methods

String methods are now built-in on all strings. The import string module is kept for backwards compatibility but is no longer required.