Arrays

Array Methods

Arrays have built-in methods accessible via dot notation. No imports required.

Mutating Methods

Method	Description
.append(value)	Add element to end of array
.pop(index=-1)	Remove and return element at index (default: last)
.extend(array)	Append all elements from another array
.insert(index, value)	Insert element at specified index
.remove(value)	Remove first occurrence of value
.set(index, value)	Set element at index
.clear()	Remove all elements
.reverse()	Reverse array in place
.sort(reverse=false)	Sort array in place

Query Methods

Method	Description
.length()	Get number of elements
.get(index)	Get element at index
.find(element)	Find index of element (-1 if not found)
.index_of(element)	Alias for find
.includes(element)	Check if element exists (returns boolean)
.first()	Get first element
.last()	Get last element
.count(element)	Count occurrences of element
.is_empty()	Check if array is empty

Transform Methods

Method	Description
.slice(start, end)	Get sub-array from start to end
.chunk(size)	Split into sub-arrays of given size
.copy()	Create shallow copy
.unique()	Return array with duplicates removed
.join(separator="")	Join elements into string
.map(func)	Transform each element with function
.filter(func)	Filter elements by predicate function

Aggregation Methods

Method	Description
.sum()	Sum all numeric elements
.min()	Get minimum element
.max()	Get maximum element
.every(func)	Check if all elements satisfy predicate
.some(func)	Check if any element satisfies predicate

Conversion Methods

Method	Description
.to_string()	Convert to string representation

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Mutating
arr.append(6)
print(arr)              # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

arr.pop()
print(arr)              # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

arr.extend([6, 7, 8])
print(arr)              # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

# Querying
print(arr.length())     # 8
print(arr.get(0))       # 1
print(arr.includes(5))  # true
print(arr.first())      # 1
print(arr.last())       # 8

# Transforming
print(arr.slice(0, 3))  # [1, 2, 3]
print(arr.chunk(3))     # [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]

# Functional
var doubled = arr.map(fun(x) -> x * 2)
print(doubled)          # [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16]

var evens = arr.filter(fun(x) -> x % 2 == 0)
print(evens)            # [2, 4, 6, 8]

# Aggregation
print(arr.sum())        # 36
print(arr.min())        # 1
print(arr.max())        # 8

Array slicing

Arrays support slice syntax [start:end:step]. Any part can be omitted.

const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(arr[1:4])   # [1, 2, 3]
print(arr[:3])    # [0, 1, 2]
print(arr[3:])    # [3, 4, 5]
print(arr[::2])   # [0, 2, 4]
print(arr[::-1])  # [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

Array operators

• + (concatenation)
• * (repetition)

const arr1 = [1, 2, 3]
const arr2 = [4, 5, 6]

print(arr1 + arr2) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(arr1 * 2) # [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

Array standard library (Legacy)

Built-in Methods

Array methods are now built-in on all arrays. The import array module is kept for backwards compatibility but is no longer required.

# No import needed - methods work directly on arrays
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(arr.length())     # 5
print(arr.is_empty())   # false
print(arr.to_string())  # "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"

# Functional methods
print(arr.map(fun(x) -> String(x)))  # ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]

arr.append(6)
print(arr)              # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

arr.pop()
print(arr)              # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

arr.extend([6, 7, 8])
print(arr)              # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

print(arr.find(3))      # 2 (index of element 3)
print(arr.slice(0, 5))  # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]