Data types

All primitive types in Radon support objective method syntax via dot notation.

Numbers

Numbers represent both integers and floating-point values.

var a = 42          # integer
var b = 3.14        # float
var c = -100        # negative

Number Methods

Method	Description
.to_string()	Convert to string representation
.abs()	Get absolute value
.round(digits=0)	Round to decimal places
.floor()	Round down to nearest integer
.ceil()	Round up to nearest integer
.is_int()	Check if value is an integer
.is_float()	Check if value has decimal part
.is_even()	Check if integer is even
.is_odd()	Check if integer is odd
.is_positive()	Check if value is positive
.is_negative()	Check if value is negative
.is_zero()	Check if value is zero
.sqrt()	Square root
.pow(exp)	Raise to power
.log(base=e)	Logarithm (natural by default)
.log10()	Base-10 logarithm
.log2()	Base-2 logarithm
.exp()	e raised to this power
.sin()	Sine (radians)
.cos()	Cosine (radians)
.tan()	Tangent (radians)
.asin()	Arcsine (returns radians)
.acos()	Arccosine (returns radians)
.atan()	Arctangent (returns radians)
.sinh()	Hyperbolic sine
.cosh()	Hyperbolic cosine
.tanh()	Hyperbolic tangent
.to_radians()	Convert degrees to radians
.to_degrees()	Convert radians to degrees
.sign()	Return sign (-1, 0, or 1)
.clamp(min, max)	Clamp value to range
.mod(divisor)	Modulo operation
.div(divisor)	Integer division

var n = 42
print(n.is_even())          # true
print(n.sqrt())             # 6.48074...
print(n.to_string())        # "42"

print((-5).abs())           # 5
print((3.14159).round(2))   # 3.14
print((2.7).floor())        # 2
print((2.3).ceil())         # 3

print((16).sqrt())          # 4
print((2).pow(10))          # 1024

print((100).clamp(0, 50))   # 50
print((17).mod(5))          # 2
print((17).div(5))          # 3

Booleans

Booleans represent logical true or false values.

var a = true
var b = false

Boolean Methods

Method	Description
.to_string()	Convert to "true" or "false"
.to_number()	Convert to 1 or 0
.toggle()	Return the opposite boolean value
.and_(other)	Logical AND with another value
.or_(other)	Logical OR with another value
.xor(other)	Logical XOR with another value
.not_()	Logical NOT (same as toggle)
.implies(other)	Logical implication (this -> other)
.equals(other)	Check equality with another boolean

var b = true
print(b.to_string())        # "true"
print(b.to_number())        # 1
print(b.toggle())           # false
print(b.and_(false))        # false
print(b.or_(false))         # true
print(b.xor(true))          # false

Strings

Strings are immutable sequences of characters.

var s = "Hello, World!"
var t = 'Single quotes work too'

See Strings for the complete method reference (25+ methods).

Arrays

Arrays are ordered, mutable collections of elements.

var a = [1, 2, 3]           # array of numbers
var c = ["a", "b", "c"]     # array of strings
var d = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]    # nested arrays
var e = []                  # empty array

See Arrays for the complete method reference (27 methods).

HashMaps

HashMaps are collections of key-value pairs with string keys.

const a = { "x": 1, "y": 2 }
const b = { "name": "Alice", "age": 30 }

# Nested hashmaps
const d = { "outer": { "inner": 1 } }

# Empty hashmap
const e = {}

# Runtime keys
const key = "foo"
const f = {key: "bar"}
print(f["foo"]) # -> bar

HashMap Methods

Method	Description
.keys()	Get array of all keys
.values()	Get array of all values
.items()	Get array of [key, value] pairs
.get(key, default=null)	Get value by key (with optional default)
.set(key, value)	Set a key-value pair
.has(key)	Check if key exists
.remove(key)	Remove a key-value pair
.length()	Get number of pairs
.clear()	Remove all pairs
.to_string()	Convert to string representation
.is_empty()	Check if hashmap is empty
.copy()	Create a shallow copy
.merge(other)	Return new hashmap merged with another
.pop(key, default=null)	Remove and return value
.update(other)	Update with another hashmap in place
.get_or_set(key, default)	Get value or set default if missing
.filter(func)	Filter pairs by predicate function
.map_values(func)	Transform values with function

var hm = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}

print(hm.keys())            # ["name", "age"]
print(hm.values())          # ["Alice", 30]
print(hm.items())           # [["name", "Alice"], ["age", 30]]

print(hm.get("name"))       # "Alice"
print(hm.get("email", "N/A")) # "N/A"
print(hm.has("name"))       # true
print(hm.length())          # 2

hm.set("email", "alice@example.com")
print(hm.keys())            # ["name", "age", "email"]

var copy = hm.copy()
var merged = hm.merge({"city": "NYC"})
print(merged.keys())        # ["name", "age", "email", "city"]

Null

Null represents the absence of a value.

var a = null
print(is_null(a))  # true